Transformer



S. HIRSCIH TRANSFORMER Aug. 16, 1938.

Filed Jan. l2, 193'? Patented Aug. 16, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFlCE TRANSFORMER.

Application January 12, 193'7, Serial No. 120,171

7 Claims.

This, in part, is a divisional application of my pending application for X-ray apparatus, iiled January 12, 1933, Serial No. 651,316. In that application, I have shown and described, in combination withkan X-ray tube, a novel kind of transformer which can be employed with gaining of valuable advantages in combination with other devices, in particular such which operate with comparatively high voltages. l More particularly stated, I have discovered,

that this type of transformer lends itself highly `advantageously to construct a high voltage transformer having a very short magnetic core and for that reason it has a very high efiiciency; but l more in particular, this form of transformer is especially suitable for placing between the coils of the high tension generating secondary windings and for combining therewith as one compact and small unit any such devices which can be actuated by high tension currents or which are suitable for rectifying or transforming it. Thus, in the above identified application, I have shown, located in part between the coils, an X-ray tube; lbut, in the same fashion, any other electron discharge device, or in fact, any other electrical device operable with high voltage current may be similarly located or placed either entirely or in part, between the secondary coils of this transformer.

S0 Thereby the advantages of a smaller size transformer having especially a shorter magnetic core and of a much more compact combination of the transformer with such devices to be actuated by the secondary current generated by this transformer are obtained. Such a transformer having the features that make the obtaining of these advantages possible is shown in Fig. l, as a side View, showing one coil cut away and in cross-section and one in full, in

i() Fig. 2, as a View at right angle to that of Fig; 1

and along the dotted line marked 1f-n, in

Fig. 3, as another construction having a straight core leg, in

Fig. 4, with a novel type valve tube for full cycle 5 rectication connected to a transformer of my new design, and in Fig. 5, as with an electron discharge rectiiying tube connected to one terminal of the new transformer.

o The old art contains descriptions of inductances and low voltage transformers in ring form i. e. wound on an annular core, but no attempt is made in any of these cases to wind spaced coils and to place into the space between the coils any 5,' device to be actuated by the current from these secondary windings. These constructions are mostly accidental and almost exclusively, they fall into the period when cores were fashioned following the example of Gramme. All these devices, comparatively speaking, are low Voltage 5 devices and not constructed under the guidance of the discovery herein described.

The core of a transformer of my discovery may be either of the somcalled c-ore or of the shell type, in fact, it may be of any of the variations known 10 in the art. Also, the core part surrounded by windings may be either straight or it may be bent so as to better fit into the lumen of the coils when they are tilted as described. The bent core construction may, in certain cases, be preferable 15- because of closer spacing, but the straight core can be utilized if the primary coil is wound either in itself or upon a spacer collar so that the inner lumen is tilted with respect of the outer cylindrical shape. Whichever method of producing 2O the tilting of the secondary coils on the core is employed, it does not outstep the scope of my invention for such expedients are equivalents and well known and. understood in this art.

In the transformer shown in Fig. l, I is the magnetic core made, in the usual manner of lamination; 2 is a spacer of high dielectric material which in many cases can be useful to enable the bringing the coils closer together without resulting in spark-over between the c-oils. secondary coils t and 9 are wound, in the customary manner, upon a tube of insulating material serving as a mandrel 4 and within this, the primary coils 5 are placed; usually these are wound upon a paper tube to prevent short circuiting to the core. The secondary coils are clamped into a peripherally applied metal collar il, which is clamped together with the clamp screw I0 which, however must be insulated so as not to complete a turn of metal and cause short-circuiting. 40

In Fig. 1, the coils are placed upon a bent core whereby the coils become tilted or inclined toward one another and whereby a greater spacing between the coils on the side not occupied by the free or outer leg of the core is obtained. Into this space then, there can be placed, for instance an electron discharge tube which is actuated b-y and therefore directly connected to the outer, high voltage producing secondary windings of the two coils. In fact, the electrodes of such an electron discharge tube, in many cases, can be directly fastened on to the metal band collar Il and thus be given a firm and rigid support;

in a similar manner, when a rigid device is thus The 30,

fastened to the two coils, it greatly decreases the danger of slipping or telescoping of the coils and thus, this construction generally is found to improve the rigidity of the entire assembly and at the same time, due to the tilt of the coils, the core and thus the length of the magnetic circuit is much decreased with a corresponding decrease of magnetic losses.

Another manner of causing the desired tilting of the coils is illustrated in Fig. 3. It shows a straight core passing through the coils and a spacer-collar 3 s employed to tilt both the primary and the secondary coils. This spacer may be a block of wood or other insulating material having negligible magnetic properties and a hole passing the core is bored slanting to the cylindrical outer shape upon which the coils are placed- It is, however also possible to fashion the primary winding in the shape of this wooden spacer, and then this spacer becomes unnecessary. Fig. 2, is an end view of the transformer shown in Fig. l, the View being taken long the dotted line marked a--a, looking in the direction of the arrows.

The inner windings of the secondary coils E and 9 carrying low voltage, may be grounded or they may be connected together and insulated. In that case the grounding of the secondaries or the devices actuated thereby may be in any convenient place, so long as the required insulation for the opposite portion of the circuit is provided.

In Fig. 4 is shown a transformer of this novel design in combinaion with an electron discharge type rectifier producing a highly compact unit. The discharge tube has connected to the voltage carrying transformer secondaries both a cathode and an anode. Thereby the voltage impulses produced in the secondary windings are directed to either an additional cathode if positive, or to an additional anode if negative. These additional cathodes and anodes are marked -land respectively and in the arrangement shown all the plus impulses of the transformer are delivered to the marked electrode (cathode) and all the negative impulses produced by the transformer are delivered to the marked electrodes (anodes) and in this way a unidirectional pulsating current is delivered into an outside circuit. In the Fig. 4, the rectifier tube should be rotated so that the -land marked electrodes are at right angles to the drawing and thus that these electrodes are spaced equally from the core and the coils. This rotation in the drawing is made to make the drawing less complicated and clearer.

In Fig. 5, also a transformer of my invention is shown, but with a rectifier or valve tube connected to one terminal of the transformer secondaries only. From this arrangement results a compact device producing recied or unidirectional pulsating high voltage current with the suppression of every second half cycle which is stopped by the valve tube connected to coil B as shown in Fig. 5.

In the case of both arrangements shown in Figs. 4 and 5, it is possible, through the addition of condensers, to produce high voltage constant potential current by the application of principles well known in the art.

Having thus described several variations of making and constructing the novel type of transformer which I have invented and having shown several methods of combining it with devices to be energized thereby and so obtaining new and useful results not known or obtained before, I

do not limit myself in any particular way to the exact descriptions herein given, but I claim.

l. A transformer for alternating current comprising a magnetic core, primary and secondary windings surrounding said core, said secondary windings having two coils in height at least equal to their width, spaced apart and mutually inclined whereby greater spacing for a device to be located at least in part between said secondary coils and a shorter magnetic core are obtained.

2. An alternating current transformer having a core of magnetic material, surrounded by insulated primary and secondary windings, said secondary windings having two coils of rectangular upright cross-section being spaced less near the outer free leg of the said core and spaced more on the side opposite thereto whereby greater spacing between said last mentioned part of the secondary coils with a shorer magnetic core is obtained.

3. A transformer for currents having a periodically changing current component comprising a core of magnetic material, primary and secondary windings surrounding said core and said secondary windings having two coils of upright standing rectangular cross-section spaced apart and a device located in part between said secondary windings and connected to one terminal of said transformer secon-darles to be included in the circuit of said secondary windings7 and said coils being inclined so that the spacing between said coils on the side where said device is located therebetween is greater than on the side of the outer core and whereby the said core can be made shorter and the bulk and the magnetic losses of said transformer are reduced.

4. An alternating current transformer having a magnetic core, insulated primary and secondary windings on said core, said secondary windings having two separated coils in cross-section narrower than high and mutually inclined whereby increased spacing between said coils for additional devices to be located partly between said coils is obtained, and an electron discharge rectifier device located in part between said coils, connected to the outer windings of one of said coils so as to be included in the circuit of said transformer win-dings and to be connected to an additional device completing the said circuit and to be energized thereby.

5. In a transformer, a closed core of magnetic material, primary and secondary windings surrounding said core, said secondary windings having two narrow upright coils spaced apart and tilted in opposite direction from one another that increased spacing for additional devices to be located at least in part between said coils is obtained and means for tilting and mechanically supporting said coils in said tilted arrangement.

6. An alternating current transformer having a closed magnetic core, insulated primary and secondary windings surrounding a part of said core, said secondary windings having two coils higher in cross-section than wide separated and inclined that the spacing between said coils on the side of the free part of said core is less than on the side opposite thereto and evacuated electron discharge rectifying means located in part between the said secondary windings, said rectifying means having an anode and a cathode connected to and being supported by each of the outer high voltage developig secondary windings and having additional anodes and cathodes cooperaing therewith and heating means for said cathodes whereby a unidirectional high voltage current is produced.

7. An electromagnetic transformer for alternating currents having a closed magnetic core, windings for primary and secondary currents surrounding a part of said core and means for energizing said primary windings, said secondary windings having two coils separated spacially from each other and inclined mutually toward each other that increased spacing for an additional device to be located in part between and resting on said coils and a shorter magnetic core is obtained and an evacuated electron discharge device located in part between said coils and said device having cooperating electron discharging and receiving electrodes connected to and supported by the outer high voltage producing parts of said coils and additional electrodes for delivering at least a part of the discharged electrons to an outside circuit.

SAMUEL HIRSCH. 

